Planning a Trip to Peru: Everything You Need to Know

One of the most visited countries in South America — primarily because of Machu Picchu — but Peru is so much more than that.

From the Amazon rainforest to high-altitude Andean cities, desert oases to Pacific coastline, Peru offers extraordinary diversity within one country. Good planning is essential due to altitude, distances, and transport logistics — but the rewards are immense.

Key Information

Currency: Peruvian Sol (PEN)
Language: Spanish (English limited outside tourist areas)
Time Zone: GMT −5 (no daylight saving)
Plug Type: Type A & C, Voltage: 220V
Emergency Numbers: Police 105, Ambulance 106
Driving: Drive on the right (same as USA)

Entry Requirements

Passport validity requirements

UK passport holders must have a passport valid for the duration of their stay.

Visas

UK citizens can enter Peru visa-free for up to 90 days within a 180-day period for tourism. Always check current UK Government guidance before travelling. Always check the latest guidance on the UK Government website before travelling.

Peru does not routinely stamp passports on arrival or departure. If you need proof of entry/exit (for insurance or onward travel), request a stamp.

Vaccine requirements

There are no mandatory vaccines for entry to Peru for travellers arriving directly from the UK. Routine vaccinations should be up to date before travel. Tetanus is recommended for most travellers, and Hepatitis A and Typhoid are strongly advised, particularly if visiting smaller towns or eating outside higher-end restaurants.

Yellow fever is also advisable if travelling into the Amazon regions, such as Puerto Maldonado or Iquitos, but it is not required for Lima, Cusco, Machu Picchu or Lake Titicaca. A yellow fever certificate may be required if arriving from a country where yellow fever is present.

For the most up-to-date recommendations and personalised advice, check TravelHealthPro’s Peru guide or speak to a travel clinic before departure.

Best Time to Visit

Peru can be visited year round but has distinct regional and seasonal climates.

May–September (Dry Season):

Best for trekking in the Andes and visiting Machu Picchu. Clearer skies but colder nights.

October–April (Wet Season):

Greener landscapes but higher chance of rain, particularly in the Andes. January–March can be very wet in Cusco.

The Amazon is hot and humid year-round.

Getting There

Most international visitors arrive via Lima, the main gateway.

Flights are operated by LATAM Airlines and a wide range of international carriers. Peru combines well with Bolivia, Chile, Columbia or Ecuador if planning a wider South America trip.

Getting Around Peru

Peru is large, mountainous, and road conditions vary significantly.

Domestic Flights

The most efficient way to travel between major hubs:

Lima
Cusco
Puerto Maldonado (Amazon)

Flying saves substantial time.

Coaches (Buses)

Long-distance coaches are common and affordable. Some companies are excellent, but road quality can make sleep difficult.

Tourist-focused operators such as Peru Hop are generally safer and structured. Local buses vary in quality so research carefully if this is a method of transport you plan to use.

Thefts do occur. Use:

Avoid storing valuables in overhead compartments
A money belt
Keep passports and cash on your person

Driving

Self-driving is less common for visitors due to traffic, road quality, and local driving styles. Private transfers or organised tours are often easier.

Top Destinations in Peru

Amazon Rainforest (Puerto Maldonado)

When people think Amazon, they often think Brazil — but Peru has vast, accessible rainforest.

The easiest access point is Puerto Maldonado, with frequent flights from Lima and Cusco.

Activities include:

Day and night boat safaris
Wildlife spotting (caiman, capybara, monkeys, diverse birdlife — jaguars if very lucky)
Visiting macaw clay licks

There are two types of macaw licks:

A smaller one closer to town
A far more impressive one deeper in the jungle requiring an early boat departure — worth the effort

Most visits are lodge-based multi-day trips.

Cusco

Cusco is far more than a gateway to Machu Picchu. It is a beautiful colonial city built on Inca foundations. It is at a high altitude sitting 3,400m (11,150 ft) above sea level. For most visitors this will be their first stop in a place of high altitude so take it easy on arrival:

Rest first day
Drink plenty of water
Avoid alcohol initially

Pharmacies sell altitude medication. Coca tea is widely available. Even if English is limited, pharmacists generally understand altitude sickness queries.

Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu is the iconic Inca citadel and one of the world’s great archaeological sites.

Visiting by Train

The most common way to visit is by taking the scenic train from Cusco or Ollantaytambo, followed by a short bus ride from Aguas Calientes up to the site.

Many operators offer day trips from Cusco, typically including:

Hotel pick-up
Train tickets
Bus transfers
Guided tour

A guided tour is highly recommended to properly understand the layout, symbolism and history of the site — without context, it’s easy to miss much of what makes it extraordinary.

Be aware that weather at Machu Picchu can be unpredictable, particularly in the rainy season (roughly November–March). Bring waterproof layers even if the forecast looks clear.

The Inca Trail and Salkantay Trek

For many visitors, the highlight of Peru is reaching Machu Picchu on foot. While arriving by train is convenient, trekking offers a far more immersive and memorable experience.

The two most popular routes are the Inca Trail and the Salkantay Trek — and they offer very different experiences.

The Inca Trail (4-5 day version)

The classic 4–5 day trek ending at the Sun Gate (Inti Punku) above Machu Picchu.

Duration: 4–5 days
Distance: Approx. 42km
Highest point: 4,215m (Dead Woman’s Pass)
Permit required: Yes (strictly limited numbers)

This route follows original Inca stone paths and passes multiple archaeological sites before entering Machu Picchu through the Sun Gate — a dramatic and unforgettable arrival.

It is at high altitude, involves basic camping, and is physically demanding but very achievable for reasonably fit travellers.

Government permits are limited and sell out months in advance — particularly for the May–September dry season — so book early.

Pros:

Historic immersion along original Inca routes
Iconic entrance via the Sun Gate
Strong archaeological focus
Classic “bucket list” experience

Cons:

Must book well in advance
More expensive
Busier
Camping only

The Inca Trail (shorter 1-2 day version)

Duration: 1–2 days
Distance: Approx. 10–16km (depending on route)
Highest point: ~2,700m–2,800m (approx., lower than the full trail)
Permit required: Yes (still limited and must be booked in advance)

Shorter 1- or 2-day Inca Trail options involve taking the train part of the way and joining the trail for the final section before arriving at Machu Picchu via the Sun Gate (Inti Punku).

They can still be physically demanding — particularly in poor weather — but offer unforgettable first views of Machu Picchu that you do not get when arriving purely by train.

This option is ideal if you are short on time, want to experience part of the Inca Trail without committing to the full 4–5 day trek, do not fancy camping for multiple nights, or prefer a slightly less intense version of the classic route.

Private treks can be worthwhile if you prefer to set your own pace rather than move at group speed. This often means arriving earlier at Machu Picchu and having more time to explore before larger groups arrive.

The Salkantay Trek

A more rugged and scenic alternative.

Duration: 4–5 days
Distance: Approx. 60km (varies by route)
Highest point: ~4,600m
Permit required: No

This route passes beneath Salkantay, one of Peru’s highest and most dramatic peaks. The scenery is spectacular — snow-capped mountains, glacial valleys, and cloud forest — and generally less crowded than the Inca Trail.

Most Salkantay treks finish in Aguas Calientes, from where you visit Machu Picchu the following day (rather than entering directly through the Sun Gate unless doing a modified route).

Accommodation ranges from camping to upgraded dome or lodge-style options, depending on budget.

Pros:

No permit restrictions
Often cheaper
More dramatic mountain scenery
Fewer crowds

Cons:

Physically tougher
Higher altitude
Less archaeological content along the route

Which Should You Choose?

Choose the Inca Trail if:

You want the historic route
Arriving at Machu Picchu via the Sun Gate matters to you
You are booking well in advance

Choose Salkantay if:

You prefer big mountain landscapes
You want more flexibility
You are comfortable with a slightly more demanding trek

Both are memorable. Whichever you choose, book with a reputable operator, prepare properly for altitude, and pack layered clothing, waterproofs, and good walking shoes — Andean weather can change quickly.

Sacred Valley

Between Cusco and Machu Picchu lies the Sacred Valley, filled with ruins, markets, and dramatic landscapes.

For a unique (and expensive) experience, consider the glass “skylodge” pods suspended from cliffs — such as Skylodge Adventure Suites — extraordinary if you enjoy once-in-a-lifetime stays.

Rainbow Mountain

Vinicunca (commonly known as Rainbow Mountain) sits at over 5,000m — higher than Cusco and not far off the altitude of Everest Base Camp.

Due to the elevation alone, it can feel challenging even for otherwise fit travellers.

Tours from Cusco are inexpensive and typically include early morning pick-up and return transport. The final ascent is uphill and can feel tough because of the altitude, even though the distance itself is not extreme.

Options include:

Walking — not technically difficult, but the altitude makes it demanding
Horse riding — you do not need riding experience, as handlers walk alongside
Quad bike tours — available with some operators for a different experience

It is slightly hyped — but still visually impressive, particularly on a clear day when the mineral-striped slopes are most vibrant.

Lake Titicaca

Often combined with Bolivia, Lake Titicaca is the world’s highest navigable lake.

Access is usually via bus to Puno, followed by a boat trip out to the floating Uros reed islands and, if staying longer, homestays on the lake.

If you are combining Peru and Bolivia, Peru Hop runs a popular route from Cusco to La Paz, stopping at Puno and including a visit to the lake. Booking through them means:

No risk of missing onward connections
Luggage can be securely stored on the bus
A more structured and generally safer cross-border experience

This is often a very efficient way to visit, as while you can stay overnight in Puno, there is relatively little to see in the town itself. Most visitors find that experiencing Lake Titicaca can be comfortably done within a few hours, unless opting for a more immersive homestay experience.

Colca Canyon

Colca Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world — significantly deeper than the Grand Canyon in parts — and is most famous for sightings of majestic Andean condors soaring on thermal currents.

It is usually accessed from Arequipa, either by organised tour or public coach. Most tours depart early in the morning and take you through dramatic high-altitude scenery, small Andean villages and terraced agricultural landscapes that pre-date the Incas.

The most popular viewpoint is Cruz del Cóndor, where you have the best chance of seeing condors gliding close to the canyon walls. Sightings are never guaranteed, but early morning offers the highest probability.

Visiting options include:

Day trip from Arequipa — long but manageable if short on time
2-day or multi-day tours — more relaxed pace with opportunities for short hikes
Trekking into the canyon — more physically demanding, often involving steep descents and ascents

Altitude remains a factor here, as much of the canyon sits above 3,000m. Even short walks can feel more strenuous than expected.

Colca Canyon works well as part of a southern Peru route, particularly when combined with Arequipa and onward travel towards Lake Titicaca or the coast.

The Coast

Southern Peru’s Pacific coast offers dramatic desert landscapes, wildlife encounters and some of the country’s most unusual scenery.

It works particularly well if you are travelling in a loop through southern Peru. Coaches connect Lima with Paracas, Huacachina and Nazca, making it straightforward to travel overland. If time is limited and budget less of a concern, private day trips from Lima are possible — long days, but they allow you to see a lot in a short space of time.

Huacachina

Huacachina is a small desert oasis surrounded by enormous sand dunes.

It is known for:

Dune buggy rides
Sandboarding
Sunset views over the dunes

It is extremely busy and very geared towards backpackers. Peru Hop is one of the main operators that stops directly in the settlement itself, making it convenient if travelling between Lima, Nazca and Arequipa.

Most visitors only need one night here, if that — it is more about the experience than the town itself.

Paracas & the Ballestas Islands

The town of Paracas is the gateway to the Ballestas Islands.

Boat trips out to the islands offer the chance to see:

Humboldt penguins
Sea lions
Pelicans and other seabirds

Often referred to as a “mini Galápagos”, the wildlife density is impressive, though visits are strictly by boat (you do not land on the islands).

Nazca Lines

The mysterious Nazca Lines are vast geoglyphs etched into the desert floor.

There is a roadside viewing platform that allows you to see a couple of the figures, but this does not provide the full perspective or scale of the designs.

The best way to experience them is from the air via small aircraft flights, typically departing from Pisco Airport — a largely empty international airport that feels somewhat surreal in itself. Everyone is given a window seat to ensure clear views.

Flights are expensive, but for many visitors, worth it to fully appreciate the scale and mystery of the lines. Be aware that the small planes bank sharply to allow viewing from both sides, which can feel intense if you are prone to motion sickness.

Lima

Peru’s capital, Lima, is vibrant, coastal and gastronomically world-class.

While many travellers treat it as simply a gateway city, it is worth at least a full day.

Highlights:

The UNESCO-listed Historic Centre
The catacombs beneath the Monastery of San Francisco
The Miraflores coastal district, with cliffside walks overlooking the Pacific
Parque de la Reserva’s evening water fountain show (queues look long but move quickly)

For something different, you can also take a boat trip from the Callao area to swim with sea lions — a surprisingly accessible wildlife experience close to the capital.

Lima is also widely regarded as one of Latin America’s best food cities, making it the ideal place to end your trip.

Food & Drink

Peru has one of the world’s most exciting food scenes.

Must-try:

Ceviche
Lomo saltado
Alpaca
Guinea pig (cuy)
Pisco sour

Lima is a culinary capital of South America.

Practical Essentials: What You Need to Know

Money & Payments

Peru remains largely cash-based outside major cities. Credit and debit cards are accepted in hotels, upscale restaurants and larger tour operators, but you will need cash in smaller towns, markets and for many local services.

ATMs are widely available in cities but often charge withdrawal fees, so it is worth minimising how often you use them. Taking some cash with you before you travel can also be helpful.

US dollars are occasionally accepted in tourist areas but should not be relied upon. The local currency is the Peruvian Sol (PEN).

Safety

Peru is generally safe for travellers, but as with much of South America, petty theft can occur — particularly in cities and on public transport.

Practical precautions include:

Avoid displaying valuables
Use a money belt or concealed pouch
Be mindful of phones in busy areas
Use reputable taxi services or ride-hailing apps

Most trips are trouble-free with sensible precautions.

Altitude

With the exception of Lima, the Amazon and most coastal areas, many Peruvian destinations sit above 3,000 metres — including Cusco, Lake Titicaca and Colca Canyon.

Altitude sickness can affect anyone, regardless of fitness level. To reduce the risk:

Ascend gradually where possible
Drink plenty of water
Avoid alcohol initially
Consider altitude medication (follow dosage guidance carefully, ideally starting before ascending)
Allow a rest day on arrival in high-altitude locations

Taking it easy for the first 24–48 hours makes a significant difference.

Apps to Download Before You Go

Google Maps (download offline maps)
Google Translate (Spanish offline pack)
Uber or Cabify (available in major cities)

Travel Adapters & Power

Peru uses Type A, B and C plugs at 220V. UK travellers will need an adapter.

Internet & Connectivity

Mobile coverage is good in cities and towns but limited in remote regions. SIM cards and eSIMs are widely available. While local networks sell SIMs and eSIMs directly, many travellers find it easier to use third-party providers.

Free Wi-Fi is sometimes available but inconsistent, particularly outside cities, so don’t rely on it entirely and use it safely.

Language

Spanish is essential outside major tourist hubs. English is spoken in hotels and by tour operators but is limited elsewhere.

Learning a few basic Spanish phrases goes a long way and is greatly appreciated. Google Translate works well for more complex interactions if needed.

Planning Your Itinerary

How Long Do You Need?

How long you need in Peru depends largely on how quickly you are prepared to travel, your chosen method of transport, and how well you adjust to altitude. Flying between destinations allows for a faster pace, whereas travelling by long-distance bus requires more time and recovery days. Altitude can also slow plans, particularly around Cusco and Lake Titicaca, so building in acclimatisation time is sensible.

10–14 days: Enough for a classic first visit, typically covering Lima, Cusco, the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu, with the option of adding a short Amazon rainforest stay.
2–3 weeks: A more rounded itinerary, such as adding Colca Canyon, Lake Titicaca and potentially short trip to Bolivia.
1 month+: Allows for slower travel, deeper exploration of the Amazon, hiking routes such as the Inca Trail or Salkantay, or combining Peru with neighbouring countries.

Accommodation Types

Hotels

Western-style hotels are reliable, clean and efficient. International chains are mainly found in Lima, although Cusco also has several higher-end branded properties. However, Peru’s independent hotels are often excellent and can provide a more characterful and memorable experience, particularly in colonial cities.

Unique lodgings

Peru offers some memorable and distinctive accommodation options. Eco-lodges are particularly common in the Amazon, including within protected areas, and range from rustic jungle cabins to high-comfort rainforest retreats.

In the Sacred Valley, one of the more dramatic options includes transparent sky pods suspended from a cliff face — impressive but not suitable for anyone with a fear of heights.

Hostels

Peru has a strong backpacker infrastructure, and hostels are generally good quality, especially along well-used routes such as Cusco, Arequipa and Huacachina. Many cater specifically to hikers.

Organised tours

Peru is relatively straightforward to explore independently. However, certain destinations are most easily accessed via organised tours. Machu Picchu requires advance ticketing and coordination, Rainbow Mountain is typically visited as a guided day trip, and Amazon experiences are lodge-based and therefore structured.

While tours can be booked through platforms such as Viator or GetYourGuide, local operators are widespread and often very reliable. Booking locally can also offer better value. Although always check reviews first.

Longer organised itineraries covering an entire trip may suit travellers who prefer structure and convenience.

Popular UK-based operators include:

Trailfinders – Excellent for customised trips and flights

Where to Get Reliable Information

Official & Practical Resources

PROMPERÚ (Peru Travel) – The official tourism website for Peru, with destination guides and practical travel information
Ministerio de Cultura – Official source for updates on archaeological sites such as Machu Picchu
UK Foreign Office (FCDO) – Up-to-date safety and entry requirements
TravelHealthPro – Latest vaccination and health guidance

Inspiration & Planning Tools

Travel blogs focused on Peru itineraries, trekking routes and Amazon lodges
YouTube travel guides (particularly for Inca Trail and Salkantay)
Reddit (r/travel, r/solotravel, r/Peru)
AllTrails (useful for trekking routes reviews)

Etiquette & Culture (“Peru-isms”)

Peruvians are generally warm, courteous and patient. Greetings are important — a simple “Buenos días” when entering a shop or restaurant goes a long way.

In Andean regions, indigenous Quechua and Aymara cultures remain an important part of national identity. Visitors should show respect at cultural and archaeological sites and always ask before photographing local people.

Timekeeping can be flexible outside formal business settings.

Food & Dining

Peru has one of the world’s most exciting and internationally recognised food scenes.

Must-try:

Ceviche
Lomo saltado
Alpaca
Guinea pig (cuy)
Pisco sour

Lima is widely regarded as a culinary capital of South America, with restaurants consistently ranked among the world’s best.

Vegetarian options are increasingly available, particularly in Lima and Cusco, though choice may be more limited in smaller towns.

Safety & Health

Peru is generally safe for travellers, though petty theft can occur in cities. Standard precautions should be taken, particularly in crowded areas and on public transport, such as money belts.

Altitude is the most common health consideration, especially in Cusco, Lake Titicaca and Colca Canyon. Allow time to acclimatise and avoid overexertion early on and if necessary get altitude sickness tablets from a local pharmacy.

Bring essential medication with you, particularly when travelling to remote regions such as the Amazon.

Where to get help

The UK has an embassy in Lima, which can assist in emergencies involving serious illness, accidents, or lost travel documents.

British Embassy
Torre Parque Mar (22nd Floor)Avenida José Larco 1301 Miraflores
Lima
Peru

Public access is by appointment only via the UK government website.

Final Thoughts

Peru is one of South America’s most diverse destinations. From Amazon rainforest to high Andean peaks, colonial cities to Pacific coastline, it offers remarkable variety within a single country.

Plan realistically, allow for altitude, and avoid trying to see everything in one trip. Peru rewards travellers who build in time to absorb its landscapes, culture and history.